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Interview
Guide |
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Management Training Tips -
Controlling Your Nerves |
It is perfectly
natural and healthy to be nervous ahead of an interview. This nervous energy,
when properly harnessed, will enable you to present yourself with energy,
passion and conviction. Nerves can give you the edge that you need to perform
well. However, in order to do so you will need to harness and control your
nerves in a positive way.
If you are too calm immediately before an
interview, then you may be underestimating the challenge. Alternatively you may
be suppressing your own nervousness. Neither scenario will help you to make an
effective case for selecting you.
It takes energy to stay calm, energy to
speak in a lively and interesting way and energy to pay attention to the needs
and requests of the interviewer.
Since you only have a finite amount of
energy available, learning to control your nerves is important as it lets you
focus all of your efforts on interacting with the interviewer in an effective
way.
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Management Training Tips - Interview Nerves
Can Help You |
When you attend an
interview, you are likely to notice one or more of the following:
Firstly, your temperature is likely to increase and you may notice that
you have sweaty palms, that you feel slightly flushed and maybe even clammy.
Secondly, adrenaline may be pumped into your system and this may make
you feel shaky.
Thirdly, your respiration rate is liable to increase and
this may make you feel stressed and panicky.
Finally, nervous energy may
cause you to consume body sugar with the result that your mouth starts to feel
dried out.
These effects - increased temperature, shakiness, panic,
stress and a dry mouth can interact to make you feel extremely nervous,
uncomfortable and tongue tied. However, research has shown that they are not
necessarily signs of fear but may indicate that you are gearing up to perform.
Many entertainers, public speakers and competitive sports people report the same
four symptoms immediately prior to performing - often before giving the best
performance of their lives. In the context of an important interview that is
precisely what you should be aiming to do.
Therefore, recognizing the
symptoms for what they are shouldn’t panic you, as they may well enable you to
perform better.
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Management Training Tips – Timing Your
Arrival |
You must arrive in time for your interview,
arriving late means you start at a disadvantage to your competitors and it may
even mean that you will not be considered.
You should calculate your
journey time and allow a margin for delays and other eventualities. Check all
the available travel information before leaving and amend your journey plans if
necessary. Always carry a mobile phone so that you can summon taxis or other
assistance whilst travelling.
With this careful planning you should
arrive early for your interview - ideally about 20 minutes. Where you should
then wait will depend on how early you are. Anything over 20 minutes early and
it is advisable to wait in a nearby café, coffee shop or other public building.
This has the advantage of helping to relax you and not risking the impression
that you are a desperate candidate.
You are on show from the moment you
arrive at the place of interview, so act accordingly. Is there any pertinent
information that you could scan? Perhaps a notice board or glossy brochures from
head office. Be busy and be seen to be busy, as nobody will pay you to sit
around dreaming! Remember, it is not only the interviewer that is assessing you
but any number of staff may be subsequently asked their opinion of the
candidates.
Take the opportunity to ask the receptionist to look after
any excess belongings, as you do not want to walk into the interview room loaded
with clutter. Try to arrive at interview with just a single briefcase, document
wallet or bag.
Finally, by arriving early you will have the opportunity
to benefit from a slightly longer interview, if the previous candidate failed to
turn up.
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Management Training Tips – Creating a Positive First
Impression |
You must do everything you can to make a
positive first impression when you meet the interviewer. Above all make sure you
remember the names of all of your interviewers, this means paying particular
attention to them when you are first introduced, and taking a mental note of
their various roles.
There is a common misconception that type of
handshake and personality is in some way connected. In the interview context
there is very little information to go on and so, like many other things, the
handshake takes on undue significance. The best advice is to use a firm (but not
hand-crushing) handshake, remembering to make eye contact and smile at the same
time.
Some people suffer from the dead fish handshake; one that is weak
and clammy. If so, it is worth practicing your handshake until you feel more
comfortable with it. If you do suffer from sweaty palms, sometimes associated
with interview nerves, then discretely wipe your palm
just before shaking the interviewers hand.
It is important that you are
not seen to do this, as it is a very subordinate sign - showing you feel
unworthy of the meeting. Never wipe your hand just after the handshake, as this
implies that you felt dirty after touching the other person.
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Management Training Tips – Opening
Conversation |
You will need to respond to
conversational gambits, like the common question about ‘how was your journey?’
Respond by making conversation but don’t overdo it and avoid stressing any
negatives, even if you had a terrible journey, as this is not a good way to
start.
People generally like others who are capable of initiating
conversation, so don’t be afraid of asking your own polite questions during this
meet and greet phase. It is a good idea to have a few conversation openers
memorized, such as commenting favorably on the premises, to help break the
silence.
Remember, people like people who are similar to themselves.
They like confidence, but not too much or it can be perceived as
arrogance. |
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Management Training Tips – Assessing the Degree of
Formality |
You have now met the
interviewer and, like it or not, your own first impressions are already forming.
You are starting to judge their interview style but another powerful clue to
this can come from the layout of the interview room itself. There are three
basic layouts used by experienced interviewers:
Across the table: This is the classic negotiation
style, eye to eye.
Across the corner of the table: This is a more
informal, conversational colleague style layout
Across open space: The
classic friend-to-friend style of open discussion
These three options
range from formal to informal and is often a big cue as to the interview style:
structure, semi-structured or unstructured. The more informal the setting the
more the experienced interviewer can gain. Where the interview is held across
open space the interviewer can read far more from your body language than they
can when a desk is between you.
The more informal the setting the more
attention you should pay to your non verbal communication, whilst at the same
time adopting a slightly more relaxed and informal style in the way you answer
questions, although your key messages should be the same.
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Management Training Tips – Getting Comfortable
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It is good practice not to sit down
before being invited to. This is not only polite but also gives a nervous
interviewer confidence by letting them direct
things.
Ideally you should sit at a slight angle to the interviewer, as
this is more relaxed than the eye-to-eye head on position. To show how bright
and alert you are lean slightly forwards in your chair. This is dealt with in
more detail in the next section.
The accepting of refreshments can be a
tricky area. The best advice is to be comfortable; to help you feel relaxed. So,
if you are thirsty accept a drink but if you are very nervous bear in mind that
any shakiness of the hand will be magnified when holding a drink.
However, when it comes to food the golden rule is don’t. You are at the
interview to communicate a strong case for hiring your services. Communicating
effectively whilst eating is very difficult and can only detract from the
impression you wish to create.
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Management Training Tips – Recovering from a Poor First
Impression |
The first impressions
reaction cuts both ways and you will also be meeting them for the first time.
Whatever your true feelings, make sure that you react positively to them, smile
warmly and ensure you maintain positive body language. Even if you think you
have just met the interviewer from hell you must proceed with your main objective - to win at this interview.
You may be convinced that they have formed an unfavorable first impression of you. Ignore this thought.
Professional interviewers and other managers are increasingly trained to
overcome their initial reactions and to apply more scientific interview
techniques.
Even if you have stumbled and made a weak first impression
you can turn their opinion round, so keep working hard at making the right
impression throughout the remainder of the interview.
The first impression is important but approach the interview in a
holistic manner, you are a winner and you are at the interview to
win!
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Management Training Tips – Positive Body Language
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Body language is a very
important part of any communication. Your body language will be analyzed by the
interviewer; even if they are unaware of this at the conscious level.
A
brilliantly prepared interview delivered in an interesting voice will fall well
short of the mark if accompanied by negative, intrusive or hostile body
language. This section explains aspects of body language communication as it
applies in western society.
There are three main aspects of body language
that you should consider: what to do with your eyes, what your facial
expressions indicate and the positioning and movement of your body and
limbs.
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Management Training Tips – Mirror the Interviewer’s Body
Language |
In any intimate
communication there is a natural tendency to mirror the body position of the
person you are talking to, and this behavior tends to
result in a more relaxed and agreeable atmosphere. You can help to put the
interviewer at ease by being aware of this and making a positive but subtle
effort to mirror their body language.
The concept of mirroring is based
on the well-known human trait of like attracting like. People generally like
people that appear to be similar to them. Therefore, by observing the
interviewers body language and reflecting this back at them they are likely to
feel more at ease and friendly towards you.
An individuals facial expression, tone of voice, body posture
and movement often convey a world of detail about what they are thinking and
feeling and how they are reacting to what you are saying.
The effective
use and interpretation of body language communication will help you to identify
subtle aspects of the interviewers attitudes and
reactions. This understanding and interpretation of body language is a key
component of intelligent listening.
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Management Training Tips – How to Sit at
Interview |
As most interviews are held
with both parties seated it is important to convey a positive message in the way
you sit. In particular, this comes down to the placement of your arms and legs.
With the upper limbs the guideline is that the less a person moves their
hands and arms, the more powerful they are. This supports the view that they are
used to people listening to them and they therefore do not have to resort to
gesticulation to get their point across.
The technical term for this is
Low Peripheral Movement, or LPM. When being interviewed maintain LPM and you will make a more impressive impact with
your interviewer.
Try to keep your hands lower than your elbows, rest
them on the arms of the chair, your thighs or even make a low steeple with the
fingers of both hands.
The everyday seating position, with legs crossed
high-up is not suitable for the interview setting because in this intimate
context it actually conveys a defensive attitude. Your legs need to convey
confidence and there are two key positions that can communicate this - the low
cross position and the athletic position.
The athletic position is where
one leg is brought under your chair so that only the toe of that shoe is in
contact with the floor. The other leg is firmly planted on the floor, parallel
with the direction of the chair, with the entire sole of that shoe on the floor.
This is a powerful position, conveying a readiness for action.
The
athletic position is often not suited to female clothing and here the low cross
position, where the legs are kept together and crossed at the ankles should be
adopted.
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Management Training Tips – Using Eye Contact at
Interview |
The face shown has a shaded area
that indicates the correct target zone for positive eye contact. That is looking
anywhere within this shaded zone represents positive eye
contact. Think about where else you might be tempted to
look at someone’s face during a conversation; which area of the face do you
think would cause the most discomfort to the person being looked at?
Looking at someone’s face anywhere outside of the triangular target zone
is likely to cause some degree of embarrassment. However, the no-go zones, shown
in red, are both associated with strong adverse reactions.
Zone A
represents the intimate zone and by moving just a fraction below the base of the
target triangle you will enter it. When this happens people typically react by
feeling that the other person is staring at them, or that the observer looks
shifty.
Zone B represents a dominant zone and by looking at the forehead
of another person you are likely to invoke a reaction that you appear to be
arrogant, that you are staring straight through them or more commonly that you
are talking down at them.
As well as understanding how to make positive
eye contact it is also important to ensure that you do maintain this form of
communication even if the interview does not appear to be going as well as you
had hoped. If this is the case you will need all of the help you can muster to
get the interview back on track and maintaining the correct amount of positive
eye contact may help to do this.
Eye contact with the interviewer is an
essential part of the interview process. Without it they will feel remote from
you and are unlikely to relate to one another, or what you are saying in a
meaningful way. Not many people realize how important eye contact is, or how
sensitive people are to it. Eye contact should be a positive form of body
language communication, but if it is not used correctly it can easily become
negative.
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Management Training Tips – Optimizing Eye Contact at
Interview |
Understanding where to look to make
positive eye contact is only part of the story. You also need to know how and
when to use this non-verbal communication. The amount of eye contact you make
should differ fundamentally depending on whether you are in the role of speaker
or listener.
It is in the role of listener that you should instigate
more eye contact and hold it for longer periods of time. It supports your role
as an attentive listener, whereas overusing eye contact when speaking may appear
a demand for the interviewer to pay attention.
As a speaker holding eye
contact initially for 5 to 10 seconds and after that using it in an intermittent
way is ideal. This way you do not appear to be lecturing or hectoring and the
listener does not feel that they are being challenged to a staring contest. It
is normal for the listener to maintain eye contact for longer than the speaker
who will typically break off and then revisit this form of contact as they are
speaking.
Eye contact when used positively can be a very effective form
of non-verbal communication. However, excessive or inappropriate eye contact
will prevent you establishing a good relationship with your
interviewer.
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Management Training Tips – Selling Yourself at
Interview |
in an interview is best approached as a sales meeting,
in which you have to communicate your benefits to the interviewer. At the same
time you should avoid, or dilute, any negative aspects of your employment
history. Your aim is to make as strong a case as you can for them offering
you the position. In effect you are there to sell - yourself!
One of the
keys to this is to ensure that you always remain positive. Good news tends to be
accepted at face value, whereas bad news tends to make people sit up and pay
attention. If you get the interviewers attention in this way, they are likely to
pursue this new line of enquiry aggressively. This would mean dwelling on bad
news and facing awkward questions about something you really should not have
brought up in the first place.
If you have some career skeletons in your
closet, decide ahead of the interview how you can avoid giving too much
information about these areas. Is it possible to avoid talking about these
issues at the interview? You almost certainly wont have published negative
information in your CV. Alternatively can you put a more positive interpretation
on events? Stressing the lessons you learned and how you have put these to
practical effect sce?
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Management Training Tips – What is it that the Interviewer
Wants? |
You should by now realize that every
question that is asked by an experienced interviewer has a purpose. It is
important that you analyze the question and understand its purpose before
answering.
This may sound like a tall order, performing this in real time
before answering! Won't this lead to long pauses?
Your brain can process
spoken words at about 600 words per minute; whereas the average person speaks at
around 100 words per minute. Therefore, there really is a lot of spare capacity
to process precisely what they are saying.
As the question is being asked, ask yourself:
WHY am I being asked this
question? WHAT is the area of concern to the
interviewer?
HOW can I lower their anxiety?
If you have
followed the advice given earlier in this course you will have a complete
armoury of information from which to select. Your task then becomes quite
simple: choose the most relevant and positive information you have about
yourself and give it to them. |
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INTERVIEW DRESSING |
DO'S
- Dress
conservatively
- Check out
what management wears and dress similarly without overkill
- Practice
good grooming
- Do have
clean, neatly styled hair
- Do have
clean hands and trimmed nails
- Do carry a
portfolio or briefcase with extra copies of your resume
- Do bring a
clean notepad and pen that works
- Do wear
basic hosiery (no textured hose)
- Do wear
shoes you can walk easily in
DON'TS
- Don't wear
torn, soiled, wrinkled clothing
- Don't dress
casual
- Don't wear a
lot of jewelry (Men should avoid earrings)
- Don't wear a
lot of cologne
- Don't wear
athletic shoes
- Don't eat
spicey, offensive smelling foods prior to the interview
- Don't wear
sexy clothing
- Don't wear
"cutsey" ties (i.e. a flashing Mickey Mouse tie)
- Don't chew
gum or smoke
- Don't wear a
mini-skirt
- Don't wear
heavy make-up
- Don't carry
a purse AND a briefcase
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